mineral

Turquoise (likely stabilized or simulated Howlite)

CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O (Hydrous phosphate of copper and aluminium)

Hardness: 5-6 Mohs. Color: Sky blue to blue-green. Luster: Waxy to subvitreous. Crystal Structure: Triclinic (usually cryptocrystalline). Cleavage: Perfect (rarely seen). Specific Gravity: 2.6-2.9.

Hardness: 5-6 Mohs
Color: Sky blue to blue-green
Luster: Waxy to subvitreous

Identified June 4, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 5-6 Mohs. Color: Sky blue to blue-green. Luster: Waxy to subvitreous. Crystal Structure: Triclinic (usually cryptocrystalline). Cleavage: Perfect (rarely seen). Specific Gravity: 2.6-2.9.

Formation & geological history

Secondary mineral formed by the action of percolating acidic solutions during the weathering and oxidation of pre-existing minerals, often found in arid climates within volcanic or sedimentary rocks.

Uses & applications

Predominantly used as a gemstone for jewelry (beads, cabochons, inlays) and as an ornamental stone in various cultures.

Geological facts

Turquoise is one of the oldest gemstones known to man, being mined by Egyptians as early as 3000 BCE. The blue color is due to copper, while green shades are caused by iron or zinc.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its waxy luster and unique color. Note that many items sold as turquoise are actually dyed Howlite or Magnesite; check for dye concentration in cracks. Commonly found in Iran, Southwestern USA, and China.

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Banded Gneiss (River Rock/Pebble)

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