mineral
Citrine
Quartz (Silicon Dioxide - SiO2)
Hardness: 7 (Mohs scale), Color: Yellow to brownish-orange, Luster: Vitreous (glassy), Crystal Structure: Trigonal/Hexagonal, Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture), Specific Gravity: 2.65
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Physical properties
Hardness: 7 (Mohs scale), Color: Yellow to brownish-orange, Luster: Vitreous (glassy), Crystal Structure: Trigonal/Hexagonal, Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture), Specific Gravity: 2.65
Formation & geological history
Formed in igneous and metamorphic rocks, specifically in geodes or veins where iron impurities are present in quartz. Most commercial citrine is created by heat-treating amethyst or smoky quartz.
Uses & applications
Predominantly used in jewelry as a gemstone, decorative carvings, and as a popular specimen for mineral collectors and crystal healers.
Geological facts
Natural citrine is quite rare; most 'citrine' in the market is actually heat-treated amethyst. It is known as the 'Success Stone' or 'Merchant's Stone' in folklore.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its hardness (scratches glass), lack of cleavage, and transparent yellow-to-orange hue. Commonly found in Brazil, Madagascar, and Russia.
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Green Apatite on Albite
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mineral