Jasper

Hardness 6.5-7 on Mohs scale, opaque, vitreous luster, cryptocrystalline quartz structure, no cleavage, specific gravity around 2.6-2.9.

Formed from silica-rich fluids that percolate through rocks, often in sedimentary environments or as a replacement mineral in volcanic rocks. Can be of various geological ages.

Commonly used in jewelry, ornamental carvings, and as a gemstone for lapidary work.

Jasper comes in many different colors and patterns, often named after their specific appearance or location (e.g., Picture Jasper, Red Jasper). The intricate patterns are often caused by inclusions of other minerals.

Identified by its hardness, opacity, and intricate patterns. Common worldwide. Collectors look for unique and striking patterns.