![Lapis Lazuli (Na8[Al6Si6O24]n(S,Cl,SO4,OH)2 (Lazurite and other associated minerals)) — metamorphic](https://media.rockidentification.com/ed35ecbd-a4ae-435f-b07d-f8c85d640d82-compressed.jpg)
metamorphic
Lapis Lazuli
Na8[Al6Si6O24]n(S,Cl,SO4,OH)2 (Lazurite and other associated minerals)
Hardness: 5-5.5 (Mohs); Color: Deep celestial blue to ultramarine with gold pyrite or white calcite inclusions; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal Structure: Isometric (massive); Cleavage: Poor/None; Specific Gravity: 2.7-2.9.
- Hardness
- 5-5
- Luster
- Vitreous to greasy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 5-5.5 (Mohs); Color: Deep celestial blue to ultramarine with gold pyrite or white calcite inclusions; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal Structure: Isometric (massive); Cleavage: Poor/None; Specific Gravity: 2.7-2.9.
Formation & geological history
Formed via contact metamorphism through the recrystallization of limestone or marble by hydrothermal solutions. Primary source deposits in Afghanistan date back over 6,000 years, often associated with tectonic subduction zones.
Uses & applications
Used primarily in jewelry (cabochons, beads), decorative carvings, and historically as a pigment (natural ultramarine). It is highly prized by mineral collectors and spiritualists.
Geological facts
Lapis lazuli was the source of the most expensive pigment in the Renaissance, used by artists like Michelangelo and Vermeer. It was the favorite stone of Egyptian pharaohs, frequently used in the death mask of Tutankhamun.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its intense 'lazurite' blue color combined with metallic-gold specks of pyrite. Commonly found in Afghanistan (Sar-e-Sang), Chile, Russia, and the USA. To test field authenticity, check for the presence of pyrite and a white streak result.
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