mineral

Diamond

Carbon (C)

Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale), Color: Clear/Colorless (can be yellow, brown, blue), Luster: Adamantine, Crystal Structure: Isometric-Hexoctahedral, Cleavage: Octahedral, Specific Gravity: 3.5–3.53

Identified May 30, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale), Color: Clear/Colorless (can be yellow, brown, blue), Luster: Adamantine, Crystal Structure: Isometric-Hexoctahedral, Cleavage: Octahedral, Specific Gravity: 3.5–3.53

Formation & geological history

Formed at high pressure and temperature in the Earth's mantle (140-190 km deep), then transported to the surface by kimberlite and lamproite pipes. Most specimens are 1 to 3 billion years old.

Uses & applications

Primary use in high-end jewelry and gemstones. Industrial uses include cutting, grinding, and drilling tools due to its extreme hardness.

Geological facts

Diamonds are the hardest known natural substance on Earth. The famous 'Cullinan' diamond is the largest gem-quality rough diamond ever found.

Field identification & locations

Identified in the field by its extreme hardness (cannot be scratched by anything but another diamond) and high refractive index (strong sparkle). Common locations include South Africa, Russia, Australia, and Canada.