mineral

Diamond

Carbon (C)

Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale), Color: Colorless/Yellow/Brown, Luster: Adamantine, Crystal Structure: Cubic, Cleavage: Octahedral, Specific Gravity: 3.52

Identified May 28, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale), Color: Colorless/Yellow/Brown, Luster: Adamantine, Crystal Structure: Cubic, Cleavage: Octahedral, Specific Gravity: 3.52

Formation & geological history

Formed at high pressures and temperatures in Earth's mantle, approximately 100-150 miles underground, and brought to the surface by kimberlite eruptions.

Uses & applications

Diamond is used in high-end jewelry (solitaires, pavé settings), and industrially for cutting, drilling, and grinding tools due to its extreme hardness.

Geological facts

Diamond is the hardest naturally occurring substance on Earth. It is also an excellent thermal conductor and is formed from pure carbon.

Field identification & locations

Identified by its high index of refraction (sparkle), hardness (scratches all other minerals), and thermal conductivity. Commonly found in secondary alluvial deposits or primary kimberlite pipes.