mineral

Carnelian Agate

Carnelian (Silicon Dioxide - SiO2)

Hardness: 6.5-7 on Mohs scale. Color: Translucent orange to reddish-brown. Luster: Vitreous to waxy. Crystal Structure: Hexagonal (Trigonal) cryptocrystalline. Cleavage: None. Specific Gravity: 2.58–2.64.

Hardness: 6
Color: Translucent orange to reddish-brown
Luster: Vitreous to waxy

Identified June 17, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed through the deposition of silica from groundwater in volcanic rock cavities (vugs) or sedimentary environments. The orange hue is caused by iron oxide impurities.

Uses & applications

Used primarily in jewelry (beads, cabochons, intaglios), spiritual or metaphysical practices, and as decorative tumbled stones for collectors.

Geological facts

In ancient times, carnelian was believed to protect the wearer from bad luck and was used in Roman signet rings for sealing wax because hot wax does not stick to it.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its waxy luster and translucent orange clarity when held to light. Commonly found in Brazil, India, Uruguay, and Madagascar. Collectors often find them in river beds or as beach pebbles.