metamorphic
Nephrite Jade
Nephrite (Ca2(Mg, Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2)
Hardness: 6-6.5 (Mohs scale); Color: Deep spinach green to olive; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal structure: Monoclinic (fibrous aggregates); Cleavage: Indistinct; Specific Gravity: 2.9-3.0.
- Hardness
- 6-6
- Color
- Deep spinach green to olive
- Luster
- Vitreous to greasy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-6.5 (Mohs scale); Color: Deep spinach green to olive; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal structure: Monoclinic (fibrous aggregates); Cleavage: Indistinct; Specific Gravity: 2.9-3.0.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the regional metamorphism of magnesium-rich limestones (dolomite) or by the hydrothermal alteration of ultramafic rocks. Common in mountain-building zones.
Uses & applications
Used extensively for ornamental carvings, jewelry (beads/cabochons), weapons (historically), and as an architectural accent stone.
Geological facts
Nephrite is one of two minerals known as 'Jade' (the other being Jadeite). It is famous for its extreme toughness due to its interlocking fibrous structure, making it harder to break than some steels.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its waxy luster and extreme toughness. It cannot be easily scratched by a steel blade. Found in New Zealand, British Columbia, China, and Wyoming.
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