metamorphic
Serpentine
Serpentine group, including Antigorite, Lizardite, and Chrysotile (Mg,Fe,Ni,Al,Zn,Mn)2-3(Si,Al,Fe)2O5(OH)4
Hardness: 3-6 (Mohs scale); Color: Shades of green, yellowish-green; Luster: Waxy, greasy, or silky; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: Poor (usually massive or fibrous); Specific Gravity: 2.5-2.6
- Hardness
- 3-6 (Mohs scale)
- Color
- Shades of green, yellowish-green
- Luster
- Waxy, greasy, or silky
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Physical properties
Hardness: 3-6 (Mohs scale); Color: Shades of green, yellowish-green; Luster: Waxy, greasy, or silky; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: Poor (usually massive or fibrous); Specific Gravity: 2.5-2.6
Formation & geological history
Formed through the metamorphic process known as serpentinization, where low-silica igneous rocks (like peridotite) from the Earth's mantle are chemically altered by hydrothermal fluids at high temperatures.
Uses & applications
Used as an architectural stone for countertops and tiles, a source of magnesium, historically used for making asbestos (from fibrous varieties), and in jewelry/carvings as a jade simulant.
Geological facts
Serpentine is the official state rock of California. Its name is derived from the Latin 'serpentinus,' meaning 'resembling a serpent' due to its green mottled appearance similar to snake skin.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its characteristic waxy 'soapy' feel and distinctive green color. It is commonly found in ophiolite complexes and along tectonic plate boundaries. Collectors should look for areas with metamorphic ultramafic rocks.
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