Marble

Physical Properties

Hardness: 3 on Mohs scale; Color: White to grayish with crystalline texture; Luster: Vitreous to pearly; Crystal Structure: Trigonal (as calcite); Cleavage: Perfect rhombohedral (individual crystals); Specific Gravity: 2.6–2.8

Formation & Geological History

Formed through the regional or contact metamorphism of sedimentary limestone or dolostone. Increased heat and pressure cause the carbonate minerals to recrystallize into an interlocking mosaic of crystals.

Uses & Applications

Used in construction, sculptures, monuments, and as crushed stone for road bases. High-purity white marble is ground into 'whiting' used as a filler in paper, paint, and plastic.

Geological Facts

The word 'marble' derives from the Greek 'marmaros,' meaning 'shining stone.' Famous statues like Michelangelo's David were carved from Carrara marble from Italy.

Field Identification & Locations

Identify in the field by its sugary (saccharoidal) texture and its reaction to dilute hydrochloric acid (it will fizz or effervesce). It is softer than glass and can be scratched with a steel nail.

Identified on: 4/7/2026

Mode: Standard