metamorphic
Nephrite Jade
Nephrite (Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2)
Hardness: 6.0-6.5 Mohs. Color: Deep forest green, olive, or grey-green. Luster: Greasy to vitreous. Structure: Monoclinic; interlacing fibrous microstructures, very tough. Cleavage: Prismatic, though usually not seen in massive forms. Specific gravity: 2.90-3.03.
- Hardness
- 6
- Color
- Deep forest green, olive, or grey-green
- Luster
- Greasy to vitreous
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6.0-6.5 Mohs. Color: Deep forest green, olive, or grey-green. Luster: Greasy to vitreous. Structure: Monoclinic; interlacing fibrous microstructures, very tough. Cleavage: Prismatic, though usually not seen in massive forms. Specific gravity: 2.90-3.03.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the regional metamorphism of magnesium-rich rocks (like dolomite or limestone) or ultramafic igneous rocks (serpentinite) in the presence of silica-rich fluids. Often found in riverbeds as alluvial pebbles.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in lapidary arts for jewelry, figurines, and carvings. Historically used for tool making (axes/blades) due to its extreme toughness and resistance to fracturing.
Geological facts
Nephrite is one of two distinct minerals known as jade (the other being Jadeite). It was highly valued in ancient China and by the Maori of New Zealand. Its name comes from the Greek 'nephros' (kidney) as it was once believed to cure kidney stones.
Field identification & locations
To identify in the field, look for a smooth, waxy/greasy texture and extreme toughness (it does not chip easily). It is translucent at the edges when held to strong light. Commonly found in British Columbia, New Zealand, Russia, and Wyoming.
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