metamorphic
Serpentinite
Serpentinite (group of hydrous magnesium iron phyllosilicates)
Hardness: 3-6 Mohs. Color: Greenish-gray, dark green, or black with mottled patterns. Luster: Greasy, waxy, or silky. Structure: Non-foliated to massive. Specific Gravity: 2.5-2.6.
- Hardness
- 3-6 Mohs
- Color
- Greenish-gray, dark green, or black with mottled patterns
- Luster
- Greasy, waxy, or silky
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Physical properties
Hardness: 3-6 Mohs. Color: Greenish-gray, dark green, or black with mottled patterns. Luster: Greasy, waxy, or silky. Structure: Non-foliated to massive. Specific Gravity: 2.5-2.6.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the hydration and metamorphic transformation of ultramafic rocks (like peridotite) from the Earth's mantle, typically at tectonic plate boundaries/subduction zones.
Uses & applications
Used as an ornamental stone in architecture, a source of magnesium, and historically as a source of asbestos. High-quality varieties like bowenite are used in jewelry.
Geological facts
It is the official state rock of California. The name comes from its resemblance to the skin of a serpent. Serpentine minerals can sequester carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its waxy feel, green mottled color, and relative softness. Commonly found in ophiolites and mountain ranges like the Alps, Himalayas, and the Coast Ranges of California.
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