metamorphic
Serpentine
Antigorite, Lizardite, or Chrysotile (Mg3Si2O5(OH)4)
Hardness: 3-6 Mohs. Color: Green, yellowish-green, or mottled dark green. Luster: Waxy, greasy, or silky. Crystal structure: Monoclinic. Cleavage: Poor. Specific gravity: 2.5-2.6.
- Hardness
- 3-6 Mohs
- Color
- Green, yellowish-green, or mottled dark green
- Luster
- Waxy, greasy, or silky
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Physical properties
Hardness: 3-6 Mohs. Color: Green, yellowish-green, or mottled dark green. Luster: Waxy, greasy, or silky. Crystal structure: Monoclinic. Cleavage: Poor. Specific gravity: 2.5-2.6.
Formation & geological history
Forms through the hydrothermal alteration of ultramafic rocks (peridotite) from the Earth's mantle, a process known as serpentinization, typically at tectonic plate boundaries.
Uses & applications
Used for decorative carvings, architectural stone (verde antique), as a source of magnesium, and sometimes as a minor gemstone for jewelry or metaphysical collecting.
Geological facts
Serpentine group minerals are the primary constituent of the rock serpentinite. It is the official state rock of California and often contains inclusions of magnetite or chromite.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its characteristic 'snake-skin' green mottled appearance and waxy feel. It is commonly found in mountain belts and ophiolite complexes globally.
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