mineral

Turquoise

Turquoise - CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O

Hardness: 5-6 (Mohs scale); Color: Sky blue to blue-green; Luster: Waxy to subvitreous; Crystal Structure: Triclinic (usually massive); Cleavage: Perfect (rarely seen); Specific Gravity: 2.6-2.9

Hardness: 5-6 (Mohs scale)
Color: Sky blue to blue-green
Luster: Waxy to subvitreous

Identified June 2, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 5-6 (Mohs scale); Color: Sky blue to blue-green; Luster: Waxy to subvitreous; Crystal Structure: Triclinic (usually massive); Cleavage: Perfect (rarely seen); Specific Gravity: 2.6-2.9

Formation & geological history

Secondary mineral formed by the percolation of meteoric water through copper-rich weathered rocks in arid climates. Commonly associated with limonite and other secondary copper minerals in igneous or sedimentary host rocks.

Uses & applications

Predominantly used as a gemstone in jewelry, especially in Native American and Middle Eastern styles; also used for decorative carvings, inlays, and as a collector's mineral.

Geological facts

One of the oldest known gemstones, used by Ancient Egyptians and Aztecs. Its name comes from the French 'turquois' meaning 'Turkish', as it was first brought to Europe through Turkey. The finest specimens are traditionally from the Nishapur district of Iran.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its unique sky-blue color and frequently present dark host-rock veins (matrix). Found in arid regions like the Southwestern United States (Arizona, New Mexico), China, Iran, and Egypt. Collectors look for high color saturation and hardness.