mineral
Amethyst (Rough)
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with iron impurities
Hardness: 7 (Mohs); Color: Pale lavender to deep violet; Luster: Vitreous/Glassy; Crystal structure: Trigonal/Hexagonal; Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific gravity: 2.65
- Hardness
- 7 (Mohs)
- Color
- Pale lavender to deep violet
- Luster
- Vitreous/Glassy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 7 (Mohs); Color: Pale lavender to deep violet; Luster: Vitreous/Glassy; Crystal structure: Trigonal/Hexagonal; Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific gravity: 2.65
Formation & geological history
Formed in hydrothermal veins or as linings in volcanic geodes. The purple color is caused by the proximity of iron impurities to natural radiation sources in the earth.
Uses & applications
Predominantly used for jewelry, lapidary arts, decorative items, and by mineral collectors.
Geological facts
Amethyst was once considered as valuable as diamonds until large deposits were discovered in Brazil in the 19th century. Ancient Greeks believed it could prevent intoxication.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its characteristic purple hue, hexagonal crystal habit (if present), and 7 hardness. Commonly found in Brazil, Uruguay, and across Africa.
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