mineral
Amethyst
Amethyst (Silicon Dioxide, SiO2 + Fe4+)
Hardness: 7 (Mohs scale); Color: Purple, violet, or lavender; Luster: Vitreous/glassy; Crystal structure: Trigonal/Hexagonal; Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.65
- Hardness
- 7 (Mohs scale)
- Color
- Purple, violet, or lavender
- Luster
- Vitreous/glassy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 7 (Mohs scale); Color: Purple, violet, or lavender; Luster: Vitreous/glassy; Crystal structure: Trigonal/Hexagonal; Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.65
Formation & geological history
Formed in hydrothermal veins or as linings in volcanic geodes. The purple color is caused by gamma irradiation of iron impurities within the quartz structure.
Uses & applications
Predominantly used as a gemstone in jewelry, for decorative carvings, as healing crystals in alternative medicine, and as a popular mineral specimen for collectors.
Geological facts
Amethyst was once considered one of the 'Cardinal Gems' along with diamond, ruby, sapphire, and emerald until large deposits were found in Brazil. Its name comes from the Greek 'amethystos,' meaning 'not intoxicated.'
Field identification & locations
Identify by its characteristic purple hue and hexagonal crystal point. It will scratch glass but cannot be scratched by a steel knife. Major sources include Brazil, Uruguay, and Zambia.
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