mineral
Amethyst
Silicon dioxide with iron impurities (SiO2)
Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale; Color: Purple, violet, or lavender; Luster: Vitreous (glass-like); Crystal structure: Hexagonal/Trigonal; Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific Gravity: 2.65
- Hardness
- 7 on Mohs scale
- Color
- Purple, violet, or lavender
- Luster
- Vitreous (glass-like)
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Physical properties
Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale; Color: Purple, violet, or lavender; Luster: Vitreous (glass-like); Crystal structure: Hexagonal/Trigonal; Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific Gravity: 2.65
Formation & geological history
Formed in hydrothermal veins or as linings in geodes (vugs) within igneous rocks. The purple color is caused by irradiation of trivalent iron (Fe3+) in the quartz structure.
Uses & applications
Primarily used in jewelry, as decorative display specimens, and in metaphysical practices.
Geological facts
The name comes from the Ancient Greek 'amethystos', meaning 'not intoxicated', as it was believed to protect the wearer from drunkenness. It was once considered one of the five cardinal gemstones alongside diamond, ruby, emerald, and sapphire.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its distinct purple color and 6-sided crystal habit. Commonly found in Brazil, Uruguay, Zambia, and South Korea. Collectors should look for deep uniform color and lack of inclusions.
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