mineral
Amethyst
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with iron impurities
Hardness: 7 on the Mohs scale. Color: Pale violet to purple. Luster: Vitreous. Crystal Structure: Hexagonal (trigonal). Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture). Specific Gravity: 2.65.
- Hardness
- 7 on the Mohs scale
- Color
- Pale violet to purple
- Luster
- Vitreous
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Physical properties
Hardness: 7 on the Mohs scale. Color: Pale violet to purple. Luster: Vitreous. Crystal Structure: Hexagonal (trigonal). Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture). Specific Gravity: 2.65.
Formation & geological history
Forms primarily within hydrothermal veins, volcanic cavities, and geodes when silica-rich fluids cool and crystallize in the presence of trace iron and natural irradiation over millions of years.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in jewelry making (rings, necklaces, beads), ornamental carvings, crystal healing, and as decorative specimen pieces for mineral collectors.
Geological facts
Amethyst derives its name from the ancient Greek word 'amethystos', meaning 'not intoxicated', as the Greeks believed the gemstone could prevent drunkenness. It is the official birthstone for the month of February.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its distinctive purple-to-violet hue, hexagonal crystal system, and ability to scratch glass (Mohs hardness 7). Major deposits exist in Brazil, Uruguay, Madagascar, Zambia, and Russia.
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