mineral
Amethyst
SiO2 (Silicon Dioxide with Iron impurities)
Hardness: 7 (Mohs scale), Color: Purple to violet, Luster: Vitreous/glassy, Crystal structure: Hexagonal/Trigonal, Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture), Specific Gravity: 2.65
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Physical properties
Hardness: 7 (Mohs scale), Color: Purple to violet, Luster: Vitreous/glassy, Crystal structure: Hexagonal/Trigonal, Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture), Specific Gravity: 2.65
Formation & geological history
Forms in geothermal environments, typically within volcanic rock cavities (geodes) or hydrothermal veins when silica-rich fluids cool. The purple color comes from irradiation, iron impurities, and the presence of trace elements.
Uses & applications
Widely used in jewelry (rings, necklaces), as a popular collector specimen, in ornamental carvings, and in metaphysical practices.
Geological facts
Amethyst is the birthstone for February. The name comes from the ancient Greek word 'amethystos', meaning 'not intoxicated', as it was believed to protect the wearer from drunkenness.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its distinct purple color and crystal habit. Common locations include Brazil, Uruguay, Madagascar, and Russia. Collectors value deep, uniform color and clarity.
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