mineral
Amethyst
Amethyst (Silicon Dioxide, SiO2 with Iron impurities)
Hardness: 7 Mohs; Color: Pale lilac to deep purple; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal Structure: Hexagonal (trigonal); Cleavage: Indistinct; Specific Gravity: 2.65
- Hardness
- 7 Mohs
- Color
- Pale lilac to deep purple
- Luster
- Vitreous (glassy)
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Physical properties
Hardness: 7 Mohs; Color: Pale lilac to deep purple; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal Structure: Hexagonal (trigonal); Cleavage: Indistinct; Specific Gravity: 2.65
Formation & geological history
Forms in hydrothermal veins and hollow cavities (geodes) within igneous rocks. The purple color is caused by irradiation of trivalent iron impurities and trace elements.
Uses & applications
Primarily used for jewelry, lapidary carvings, ornamental decoration, and as a popular specimen for mineral collectors.
Geological facts
Amethyst was considered a precious stone until the 19th century, when large deposits were found in Brazil. Its name comes from the Ancient Greek 'amethystos', meaning 'not intoxicated'.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its purple color and hexagonal prism crystal habits. Commonly found in Brazil, Uruguay, Zambia, and South Korea. Collectors should look for intense color and clarity.
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