mineral
Amethyst
Quartz (Silicon Dioxide with Iron impurities), SiO2
Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale; Color: Pale lilac to deep purple; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal Structure: Hexagonal (trigonal); Cleavage: None/Conchoidal fracture; Specific Gravity: 2.65
- Hardness
- 7 on Mohs scale
- Color
- Pale lilac to deep purple
- Luster
- Vitreous (glassy)
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Physical properties
Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale; Color: Pale lilac to deep purple; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal Structure: Hexagonal (trigonal); Cleavage: None/Conchoidal fracture; Specific Gravity: 2.65
Formation & geological history
Formed in hydrothermal veins or geodes within volcanic rocks when silica-rich fluids permeate cavities. The purple color is caused by irradiation of trivalent iron (Fe3+) impurities in the quartz structure.
Uses & applications
Widely used for jewelry (faceted gems, beads), ornamental carvings, and as a popular specimen for mineral collectors and metaphysical practitioners.
Geological facts
Amethyst was considered a Cardinal Gem until the 18th century, ranked alongside diamonds and rubies in value, until large deposits were found in Brazil. Its name comes from the Greek 'amethystos,' meaning 'not intoxicated.'
Field identification & locations
Recognized by its purple color and hexagonal crystal terminations. Commonly found in Brazil, Uruguay, Zambia, and South Korea. Look for transparent to translucent purple crystals growing into hollow cavities (geodes).
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