mineral
Amethyst
Silicon dioxide (SiO2)
Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale; Color: Purple, violet; Luster: Vitreous/glassy; Crystal system: Hexagonal; Specific gravity: 2.65
- Hardness
- 7 on Mohs scale
- Color
- Purple, violet
- Luster
- Vitreous/glassy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale; Color: Purple, violet; Luster: Vitreous/glassy; Crystal system: Hexagonal; Specific gravity: 2.65
Formation & geological history
Formed in hydrothermal veins or inside volcanic geodes as silicon-rich solutions crystallize over thousands to millions of years. The purple color comes from iron impurities and natural radiation.
Uses & applications
Primarily used for jewelry, lapidary carvings, and as a popular collector's specimen. Historically used as a protective amulet.
Geological facts
The name comes from the Greek 'amethystos', meaning 'not intoxicated', as it was once believed to prevent drunkenness. It is the birthstone for February.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its purple hue and hexagonal crystal structure. Commonly found in Brazil, Uruguay, and Africa. Collectors should look for deep saturation and clarity.
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