mineral
Amethyst
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with trace amounts of Iron (Fe3+)
Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale; Color: Pale lavender to deep violet; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal Structure: Hexagonal (trigonal); Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific Gravity: 2.65
- Hardness
- 7 on Mohs scale
- Color
- Pale lavender to deep violet
- Luster
- Vitreous (glassy)
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Physical properties
Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale; Color: Pale lavender to deep violet; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal Structure: Hexagonal (trigonal); Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific Gravity: 2.65
Formation & geological history
Formed in hydrothermal veins or as linings in geodes. The purple color is caused by natural irradiation of trace iron impurities within the quartz crystal lattice. Found in volcanic rocks and metamorphic terrains.
Uses & applications
Predominantly used as a semi-precious gemstone in jewelry, for decorative items, and as a popular specimen for mineral collectors and metaphysical uses.
Geological facts
Amethyst is the birthstone for February. The name comes from the ancient Greek 'amethystos', meaning 'not intoxicated', as it was believed to protect the wearer from drunkenness.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its purple color, hardness (can scratch glass), and lack of cleavage. Common locations include Brazil, Uruguay, Zambia, and South Korea.
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