mineral
Amethyst
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with iron impurities
Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale; Color: Pale lilac to deep purple; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal Structure: Hexagonal (trigonal); Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific Gravity: 2.65
- Hardness
- 7 on Mohs scale
- Color
- Pale lilac to deep purple
- Luster
- Vitreous (glassy)
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Physical properties
Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale; Color: Pale lilac to deep purple; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal Structure: Hexagonal (trigonal); Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific Gravity: 2.65
Formation & geological history
Forms in geothermal environments, typically within the vugs or cavities of volcanic rocks (basalt) or hydrothermal veins. The purple color is caused by irradiation of trivalent iron impurities in the quartz structure.
Uses & applications
Primarily used as a gemstone in jewelry, for decorative carvings, and as a popular specimen for mineral collectors and metaphysical practitioners.
Geological facts
The word amethyst comes from the Greek 'amethystos', meaning 'not intoxicated', as the ancient Greeks believed the stone could prevent drunkenness.
Field identification & locations
Look for the characteristic purple color zoning and hexagonal crystal faces. It is commonly found in Brazil, Uruguay, Zambia, and South Korea. Collectors should look for deep, uniform color and high clarity.
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