sedimentary
Anthracite Coal
Anthracite (Carbon-rich metamorphic coal)
Deep black color, sub-metallic to vitreous (glassy) luster, conchoidal fracture, Mohs hardness 2.5-3.0, high carbon content (86-97%), low moisture/volatiles.
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Physical properties
Deep black color, sub-metallic to vitreous (glassy) luster, conchoidal fracture, Mohs hardness 2.5-3.0, high carbon content (86-97%), low moisture/volatiles.
Formation & geological history
Formed under extreme pressure and heat during peak mountain-building processes, usually dating from the Carboniferous Period (approx. 300 million years ago) through the metamorphism of sedimentary bituminous coal.
Uses & applications
Primarily used as a clean-burning fuel for residential heating and industrial blacksmithing/metallurgy; also used in water filtration systems.
Geological facts
Anthracite is the highest grade of coal and contains the most energy by weight. Unlike other coals, it is relatively clean to the touch and burns with a short blue flame and very little smoke.
Field identification & locations
Identified in the field by its glossy surface and the fact that it does not leave black soot on your hands like lower-ranked coals. Ethiopia has diverse geology, and while large-scale coal production is emerging in regions like Oromia and Benishangul-Gumuz, specific Carboniferous deposits are less common than lignite.
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