sedimentary

Anthracite Coal

Anthracite (Carbon)

Hardness: 2.5-3.0 Mohs; Color: Black to dark grey; Luster: Sub-metallic to vitreous (glassy); Structure: Amorphous; Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific Gravity: 1.3-1.8

Hardness: 2
Color: Black to dark grey
Luster: Sub-metallic to vitreous (glassy)

Identified July 10, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 2.5-3.0 Mohs; Color: Black to dark grey; Luster: Sub-metallic to vitreous (glassy); Structure: Amorphous; Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific Gravity: 1.3-1.8

Formation & geological history

Formed through the metamorphism of peat and lower-grade coals under intense heat and pressure over millions of years, typically in folded mountain belts during the Carboniferous period.

Uses & applications

Used primarily as a high-grade fuel for domestic heating and industrial power generation. Historically used in metallurgy and as a filter medium for water purification.

Geological facts

Anthracite is the highest rank of coal, containing 86% to 98% carbon. Unlike other coals, it burns with a short blue flame and very little smoke. It is often referred to as 'hard coal'.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its shiny metallic luster and 'clean' feel compared to bituminous coal. It does not easily leave black residue on hands. Commonly found in the Appalachian region of Pennsylvania, USA.