mineral
Aquamarine
Beryl (Be3Al2Si6O18 with iron impurities)
Hardness: 7.5-8.0 on Mohs scale; Color: Pale blue to light green; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal Structure: Hexagonal; Cleavage: Imperfect; Specific Gravity: 2.66-2.80
- Hardness
- 7
- Color
- Pale blue to light green
- Luster
- Vitreous (glassy)
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Physical properties
Hardness: 7.5-8.0 on Mohs scale; Color: Pale blue to light green; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal Structure: Hexagonal; Cleavage: Imperfect; Specific Gravity: 2.66-2.80
Formation & geological history
Formed in granitic pegmatites and metamorphic rocks like schists. The color is caused by trace amounts of ferrous iron (Fe2+). Most deposits are from the Cenozoic era, though occurrences date back older.
Uses & applications
Primarily used as a gemstone in high-end jewelry (rings, necklaces, earrings). It is the birthstone for March.
Geological facts
The name comes from the Latin 'aqua marina', meaning 'water of the sea'. Historically, it was believed to protect sailors at sea and prevent seasickness.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its characteristic pale blue color, high hardness (will scratch glass), and hexagonal crystal habit if uncut. Common in Brazil, Pakistan, and Madagascar.
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Sandstone (with potential mineral staining/concretions)
Arenite (SiO2 based)
sedimentary
Schist
Schist
Metamorphic
Epidote
Epidote | Ca2(Al2,Fe3+)(SiO4)(Si2O7)O(OH)
metamorphic
Gypsum (variety Selenite or Alabaster)
Calcium sulfate dihydrate (CaSO4·2H2O)
Mineral
Nephrite Jade
Nephrite
Mineral/Rock
Banded Gneiss (River Rock/Pebble)
Gneiss (specifically a banded variety often found as a river rock)
Metamorphic Rock