mineral
Diamond
Diamond (pure Carbon, C)
Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale), Color: Colorless to faint yellow/brown (can be fancy colors), Luster: Adamantine, Crystal structure: Isometric-Hexoctahedral, Cleavage: Octahedral (perfect in four directions), Specific Gravity: 3.51
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Physical properties
Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale), Color: Colorless to faint yellow/brown (can be fancy colors), Luster: Adamantine, Crystal structure: Isometric-Hexoctahedral, Cleavage: Octahedral (perfect in four directions), Specific Gravity: 3.51
Formation & geological history
Formed deep in Earth's mantle under extreme high pressure and temperature over billions of years, then transported to the surface via deep-source volcanic eruptions called kimberlite pipes.
Uses & applications
Primarily used in high-end jewelry (rings, earrings), and industrial applications for cutting, grinding, and drilling due to extreme hardness.
Geological facts
The 'Cullinan' is the largest gem-quality diamond ever found. Diamonds are the only gemstones made of a single element (carbon).
Field identification & locations
Identify by its brilliance, dispersion (fire), and ability to scratch any other material. Commonly found in alluvial deposits or kimberlite pipes in Africa, Russia, Canada, and Australia.
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