mineral

Hematite

Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3)

Hardness: 5.5–6.5 Mohs scale. Color: Reddish-brown to steel grey or black. Luster: Metallic to earthy. Crystal structure: Trigonal/Hexagonal. Cleavage: None. Specific Gravity: 5.26.

Hardness: 5
Color: Reddish-brown to steel grey or black
Luster: Metallic to earthy

Identified March 30, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 5.5–6.5 Mohs scale. Color: Reddish-brown to steel grey or black. Luster: Metallic to earthy. Crystal structure: Trigonal/Hexagonal. Cleavage: None. Specific Gravity: 5.26.

Formation & geological history

Formed in sedimentary, igneous, or metamorphic environments. Significant deposits are found in Banded Iron Formations (BIFs) dating back 2.4 - 1.8 billion years (Paleoproterozoic).

Uses & applications

Primary ore of iron and steel production. Also used as a pigment (ochre), in jewelry as polished stones or beads, and as a component in polishing compounds (jeweller's rouge).

Geological facts

Hematite gets its name from the Greek word 'haima' meaning blood, due to its red streak. It is common on Mars, giving the 'Red Planet' its distinct color.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by checking for its characteristic rust-red streak when rubbed on a porcelain plate. It is notably heavy for its size. Common locations include Lake Superior region (USA), Brazil, and Australia.