metamorphic
White Jade (Nephrite or Jadeite)
Tremolite-Actinolite series (Nephrite) or NaAlSi2O6 (Jadeite)
Hardness: 6.0-6.5 (Nephrite) or 6.5-7.0 (Jadeite); Color: Milky white to translucent off-white; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: None (fibrous intergrowth).
- Hardness
- 6
- Color
- Milky white to translucent off-white
- Luster
- Vitreous to greasy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6.0-6.5 (Nephrite) or 6.5-7.0 (Jadeite); Color: Milky white to translucent off-white; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: None (fibrous intergrowth).
Formation & geological history
Formed through regional metamorphism of ultramafic rocks or metasomatism in subduction zones. Nephrite results from high temperature and pressure involving magnesium-rich silicate minerals.
Uses & applications
Primarily used for ornamental carvings, figurines, jewelry (cabochons and beads), and historically for tools due to its extreme toughness.
Geological facts
Jade is known as the 'Stone of Heaven' in Chinese culture. Its toughness comes from its felted, interlocking microcrystalline fibrous structure, making it harder to break than many minerals with higher Mohs hardness.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its greasy luster when polished, high density (feels heavy for its size), and cold-to-the-touch temperature. Nephrite is more common and less expensive than Jadeite.
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