mineral

Garnet (Almandine/Pyrope)

Silicate Mineral (Group: X3Y2(SiO4)3 where X=Mg, Fe, Mn and Y=Al, Fe, Cr)

Hardness: 6.5-7.5 (Mohs), Color: Deep red to reddish-purple, Luster: Vitreous to resinous, Crystal Structure: Isometric (typically dodecahedral or trapezohedral), Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture), Specific Gravity: 3.5-4.3

Hardness: 6

Identified March 3, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed under high-pressure and high-temperature conditions in metamorphic rocks like schist and gneiss, or as an accessory mineral in igneous rocks such as granite or pegmatite. These specimens can range from millions to billions of years old.

Uses & applications

Widely used as an abrasive in sandblasting and water-jet cutting due to its hardness. High-quality transparent pieces are used as gemstones in jewelry. It is also the birthstone for January.

Geological facts

Garnet occupies a unique place in history; the ancient Romans used garnet signet rings to seal important documents. The name 'Garnet' is derived from the Latin word 'Garanatus,' meaning 'seedlike,' referencing its resemblance to pomegranate seeds.

Field identification & locations

Identified by its deep red color and high hardness (it will scratch glass). Often found in the field as embedded rounded crystals in metamorphic mica schists. Common locations include India, Madagascar, Sri Lanka, and the USA (Idaho/New York).

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Sandstone (with potential mineral staining/concretions)

Arenite (SiO2 based)

sedimentary

Epidote

Epidote | Ca2(Al2,Fe3+)(SiO4)(Si2O7)O(OH)

metamorphic

Nephrite Jade

Nephrite

Mineral/Rock

Banded Gneiss (River Rock/Pebble)

Gneiss (specifically a banded variety often found as a river rock)

Metamorphic Rock

Green Apatite on Albite

Fluorapatite [Ca5(PO4)3F] on Albite [Na(AlSi3O8)]

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Epidote

Epidote - Ca2(Al2,Fe3+)3(SiO4)3(OH)

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