mineral

Diamond (Princess Cut)

Carbon (C)

Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale), Color: Colorless (as shown), Luster: Adamantine, Crystal structure: Isometric-hexoctahedral (cubic), Cleavage: Perfect in four directions, Specific gravity: 3.52

Identified April 5, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale), Color: Colorless (as shown), Luster: Adamantine, Crystal structure: Isometric-hexoctahedral (cubic), Cleavage: Perfect in four directions, Specific gravity: 3.52

Formation & geological history

Formed under high pressure and temperature conditions at depths of 140 to 190 kilometers in the Earth's mantle. Transported to the surface by deep-origin volcanic eruptions called kimberlites, typically billions of years old.

Uses & applications

Dominantly used in high-end jewelry (engagements, rings) and industrially as abrasives, cutting tools, and in heat sinks due to extreme hardness and thermal conductivity.

Geological facts

Diamonds are the hardest known natural material. While they are usually clear, impurities or structural defects can create 'fancy' colors like blue, yellow, or pink. The 'princess cut' seen here was developed in the 1960s.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its extreme hardness (cannot be scratched by any other mineral), high refractive index (sparkle), and high thermal conductivity. Commonly found in alluvial deposits or kimberlite pipes in Africa, Russia, Canada, and Australia.