Mineral

Diamond

Diamond (Pure Carbon, C)

Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale); Color: Typically colorless but can be yellow, brown, or blue; Luster: Adamantine; Crystal Structure: Isometric-hexoctahedral; Specific Gravity: 3.51

Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale)
Color: Typically colorless but can be yellow, brown, or blue
Luster: Adamantine

Identified March 23, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale); Color: Typically colorless but can be yellow, brown, or blue; Luster: Adamantine; Crystal Structure: Isometric-hexoctahedral; Specific Gravity: 3.51

Formation & geological history

Formed under high-pressure, high-temperature conditions in the Earth's mantle, typically at depths of 140 to 190 kilometers. Brought to the surface by deep-origin volcanic eruptions (kimberlite or lamproite pipes).

Uses & applications

Primary use in high-end jewelry; industrial uses include cutting, drilling, and grinding tools due to extreme hardness; used in specialized optical and thermal components.

Geological facts

Diamond is the hardest known natural substance. The Hope Diamond and the Cullinan Diamond are among the world's most famous specimens. It has exceptionally high thermal conductivity.

Field identification & locations

Field identification relies on hardness tests (it will scratch all other materials) and its characteristic adamantine luster. Found globally in kimberlite pipes or alluvial deposits (riverbeds) in regions like South Africa, Russia, Canada, and Australia.