igneous
Basalt (Vesicular)
Basalt (mostly plagioclase, pyroxene, and olivine)
Hardness: 6 (Mohs scale); Color: dark grey to black or brownish-red; Luster: dull to metallic-submetallic; Crystal structure: aphanitic (fine-grained) often with vesicles (bubbles); Density: 2.8–3.0 g/cm³.
- Hardness
- 6 (Mohs scale)
- Color
- dark grey to black or brownish-red
- Luster
- dull to metallic-submetallic
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6 (Mohs scale); Color: dark grey to black or brownish-red; Luster: dull to metallic-submetallic; Crystal structure: aphanitic (fine-grained) often with vesicles (bubbles); Density: 2.8–3.0 g/cm³.
Formation & geological history
Formed from the rapid cooling of magnesium-rich and iron-rich lava exposed at or very near the surface of a terrestrial planet or a moon. Most common rock type in Earth's crust (oceanic floor).
Uses & applications
Used primarily in construction for crushed stone, aggregate in concrete and asphalt, and high-quality specimens are sometimes used in aquarium decor or landscaping (lava rock).
Geological facts
Vesicular basalt is the result of gas bubbles escaping as the lava cools. It makes up the majority of the ocean floor and is the most common volcanic rock on Earth and Mars.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its dark color, heavy weight (relative to size), and presence of tiny holes (vesicles). It is commonly found near volcanic sites or in areas with ancient lava flows.
