igneous
Basalt with Oxidized Inclusions
Extrusive Mafic Igneous Rock (primarily Plagioclase and Pyroxene)
Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: Dark grey to black with reddish-brown oxidation; Luster: Dull to earthy; Texture: Aphanitic (fine-grained); Specific Gravity: 2.8–3.0
- Hardness
- 6-7 Mohs
- Color
- Dark grey to black with reddish-brown oxidation
- Luster
- Dull to earthy
Identified More igneous →
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: Dark grey to black with reddish-brown oxidation; Luster: Dull to earthy; Texture: Aphanitic (fine-grained); Specific Gravity: 2.8–3.0
Formation & geological history
Formed from the rapid cooling of magnesium-rich and iron-rich lava at or near the Earth's surface. The reddish threads are likely hematite or limonite oxidation along micro-fractures.
Uses & applications
Used primarily in construction as aggregate, road base, and concrete; also used as a dimension stone for pavers and monuments.
Geological facts
Basalt is the most common rock type in the Earth's crust and makes up most of the ocean floor. It is also common on the Moon and Mars.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its dark color, heavy weight, and fine-grained texture. Look for it in volcanic fields or as river cobbles in basaltic regions.
