igneous
Basalt with Red Inclusions
Aphanitic Mafic Igneous Rock (likely Basalt)
Fine-grained (aphanitic) texture, dark grey to brownish-black color, Mohs hardness of 6-7, dull/earthy luster, opaque, heavy for its size. Shows reddish oxidation or iron-rich mineral inclusions.
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Physical properties
Fine-grained (aphanitic) texture, dark grey to brownish-black color, Mohs hardness of 6-7, dull/earthy luster, opaque, heavy for its size. Shows reddish oxidation or iron-rich mineral inclusions.
Formation & geological history
Formed from the rapid cooling of magnesium-rich and iron-rich lava at or near the Earth's surface. The smooth, rounded edges suggest it has been weathered by water or glacial transport.
Uses & applications
Commonly used as crushed stone for construction, aggregate in concrete, and landscaping. Small weathered specimens are often collected as 'river stones' or 'beach pebbles'.
Geological facts
Basalt is the most common rock type on Earth's crust and makes up most of the ocean floors. It is also found on the Moon and Mars. The red spots are likely due to the oxidation of iron-bearing minerals like olivine or magnetite.
Field identification & locations
Can be identified by its dark, fine-grained appearance and heavy weight. Look for smooth, water-worn surfaces if found in riverbeds or coastal areas. Reddish weathering is a common indicator of high iron content.
