metamorphic
Anthracite Coal
Anthracite coal (Carbon)
Hardness: 2.5-3.0; Color: Jet black to dark grey; Luster: Sub-metallic to vitreous (glassy); Structure: Amorphous/microcrystalline; Specific Gravity: 1.3-1.8; Conchoidal fracture.
- Hardness
- 2
- Color
- Jet black to dark grey
- Luster
- Sub-metallic to vitreous (glassy)
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Physical properties
Hardness: 2.5-3.0; Color: Jet black to dark grey; Luster: Sub-metallic to vitreous (glassy); Structure: Amorphous/microcrystalline; Specific Gravity: 1.3-1.8; Conchoidal fracture.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the high-grade metamorphism of peat and lower-grade coal (bituminous) under intense pressure and temperature over millions of years, typically found in folded mountain belts.
Uses & applications
Primarily used for domestic heating, industrial processes requiring high heat/low smoke, and occasionally in jewelry as jet-like stone or for carvings.
Geological facts
Anthracite has the highest carbon content (86%-98%) and the fewest impurities of all coal types. It burns with a short, blue, smokeless flame.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its high luster (very shiny), hardness compared to other coals, and lack of soot on hands. Commonly found in Pennsylvania, USA, and parts of Wales and China.
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