mineral

Citrine

Silicon dioxide (SiO2)

Hardness: 7 (Mohs scale), Color: Pale yellow to golden brown, Luster: Vitreous (glassy), Crystal structure: Trigonal/Hexagonal, Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture), Specific Gravity: 2.65

Identified May 5, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 7 (Mohs scale), Color: Pale yellow to golden brown, Luster: Vitreous (glassy), Crystal structure: Trigonal/Hexagonal, Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture), Specific Gravity: 2.65

Formation & geological history

Formed in igneous or metamorphic environments when amethyst or smoky quartz is subject to high temperatures (naturally or artificially). Often found in pegmatites and hydro-thermal veins.

Uses & applications

Primarily used in jewelry (rings, necklaces), as a collector's gemstone, and in spiritual/metaphysical practices (often called the 'Merchant's Stone').

Geological facts

Natural citrine is quite rare; most commercial citrine is actually heat-treated amethyst or smoky quartz. When amethyst is heated to about 900 degrees Fahrenheit, it turns a bright, golden yellow.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its hardness (scratches glass), glassy luster, and lack of cleavage. Found commonly in Brazil, Madagascar, and Russia. Look for internal clarity and shades of yellow/orange in the field.