metamorphic
Nephrite Jade
Nephrite (Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2)
Hardness: 6.0-6.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Deep forest green, mottled; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal structure: Monoclinic (fibrous interlocking structure); Cleavage: None (extremely tough)
- Hardness
- 6
- Color
- Deep forest green, mottled
- Luster
- Vitreous to greasy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6.0-6.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Deep forest green, mottled; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal structure: Monoclinic (fibrous interlocking structure); Cleavage: None (extremely tough)
Formation & geological history
Formed through metasomatism of ultramafic rocks or at the contact between serpentine and carbonate rocks under high pressure and relatively low temperatures. Found in metamorphic belts.
Uses & applications
Used extensively in jewelry (cabochons, beads), decorative carvings, sculpture, and historically for tool making due to its extreme toughness.
Geological facts
Nephrite jade is tougher than steel because of its interlocking felted fibrous structure. It was the primary material for the 'Jade Age' in China and New Zealand (Maori greenstone).
Field identification & locations
Identify by its greasy luster when polished and its extreme resistance to breaking. Commonly found in alluvial deposits (river beds) or in situ in British Columbia, New Zealand, and Russia.
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