Sandstone (with potential mineral inclusions)

Physical Properties

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale), Color: tan, yellow, cream; Luster: dull to earthy; Structure: granular/clastic texture; no distinct cleavage; specific gravity: 2.2-2.8

Formation & Geological History

Formed through the accumulation and cementation of mineral particles or rock fragments (clasts) usually the size of sand. These particles are typically cemented together by silica, calcium carbonate, or iron oxide over millions of years.

Uses & Applications

Commonly used in construction for building stone, paving, and decorative facades. It is also an important aquifer in geology for holding water and petroleum.

Geological Facts

Sandstone makes up about 10-20% of the Earth's sedimentary rocks. Many famous canyons, like the Grand Canyon, are composed of massive layers of sandstone.

Field Identification & Locations

Identify in the field by its gritty, sandpaper-like feel and visible grains. Often displays bedding planes or cross-bedding. Found globally in desert, river, and marine environments.

Identified on: 4/17/2026

Mode: Standard