Sandstone (Quartzose)

Physical Properties

Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Greyish-brown, tan, or buff; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (granular texture); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: Approx. 2.2-2.8

Formation & Geological History

Formed through the accumulation, compaction, and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments. Typically deposited in riverbeds, deserts, or coastal environments over millions of years.

Uses & Applications

Widely used as a construction material (dimension stone), in glass manufacturing (if high purity silica), as an abrasive, and for landscaping or artistic carving.

Geological Facts

Sandstone makes up about 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. It often acts as an excellent natural filter and reservoir for groundwater and petroleum because of its porosity and permeability.

Field Identification & Locations

Identify in the field by its gritty, sandpaper-like feel and visible grains. It is extremely common worldwide in mountainous and coastal regions. Avoid using acid on it unless you suspect a calcitic cement (it will fizz).

Identified on: 4/15/2026

Mode: Standard