sedimentary
Sandstone (Quartzose)
Arenite (composed mainly of SiO2)
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Greyish-brown, tan, or buff; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (granular texture); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: Approx. 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 on Mohs scale
- Color
- Greyish-brown, tan, or buff
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Greyish-brown, tan, or buff; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (granular texture); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: Approx. 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation, compaction, and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments. Typically deposited in riverbeds, deserts, or coastal environments over millions of years.
Uses & applications
Widely used as a construction material (dimension stone), in glass manufacturing (if high purity silica), as an abrasive, and for landscaping or artistic carving.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. It often acts as an excellent natural filter and reservoir for groundwater and petroleum because of its porosity and permeability.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty, sandpaper-like feel and visible grains. It is extremely common worldwide in mountainous and coastal regions. Avoid using acid on it unless you suspect a calcitic cement (it will fizz).
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