mineral

Diamond

Natural Carbon (C)

Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale), Color: Colorless (in this specimen), Luster: Adamantine, Crystal Structure: Cubic/Isometric, Cleavage: Perfect octahedral, Specific Gravity: 3.52

Identified June 12, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale), Color: Colorless (in this specimen), Luster: Adamantine, Crystal Structure: Cubic/Isometric, Cleavage: Perfect octahedral, Specific Gravity: 3.52

Formation & geological history

Formed under extreme high-pressure and high-temperature conditions deep within the Earth's mantle (150-200km deep), typically billions of years ago. They are brought to the surface via volcanic pipes called kimberlites.

Uses & applications

Primarily used in jewelry for engagement rings and high-end fashion. Also used industrially for cutting, drilling, and grinding tools due to its extreme hardness.

Geological facts

Diamonds are the hardest known natural substance. The name comes from the Greek word 'adamas', meaning invincible. Most natural diamonds are between 1 billion and 3.5 billion years old.

Field identification & locations

Identified by its high refractive index (brilliance/fire) and its ability to scratch any other material. Found naturally in Russia, Botswana, Canada, and South Africa. Collectors look for the 4 Cs: Cut, Clarity, Color, and Carat.