mineral

Amethyst

Silicon dioxide with iron impurities (SiO2:Fe3+)

Hardness: 7 on the Mohs scale; Color: Purple, violet, or lavender; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal structure: Hexagonal/Trigonal; Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific gravity: 2.65.

Hardness: 7 on the Mohs scale
Color: Purple, violet, or lavender
Luster: Vitreous (glassy)

Identified March 25, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 7 on the Mohs scale; Color: Purple, violet, or lavender; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal structure: Hexagonal/Trigonal; Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific gravity: 2.65.

Formation & geological history

Forms in hydrothermal veins and cavities (geodes) within igneous rocks. The purple color is caused by natural irradiation and the presence of trace iron impurities. Most commercial specimens are from the Jurassic to Cretaceous periods.

Uses & applications

Primary use is in jewelry (beads, cabochons, faceted gems), decorative ornaments, and as a popular mineral for collectors and metaphysical enthusiasts.

Geological facts

Amethyst was considered a Cardinal Gem until large deposits were found in Brazil. Its name comes from the Ancient Greek 'amethystos', meaning 'not intoxicated', as it was believed to prevent drunkenness.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its distinct purple hue and ability to scratch glass. Found globally, with major deposits in Brazil, Uruguay, Zambia, and Ontario, Canada. This specific specimen is a 'polished sphere' or 'bead'.

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