Amethyst

Physical Properties

Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale; Color: light to deep purple; Luster: vitreous; Crystal structure: hexagonal; Cleavage: none; Specific gravity: 2.65

Formation & Geological History

Formed in igneous or metamorphic environments when silica-rich fluids fill cavities (geodes) or veins. The purple color results from irradiation of iron impurities within the quartz crystal lattice.

Uses & Applications

Primarily used as a gemstone in jewelry, decorative carvings, and for metaphysical collecting.

Geological Facts

Until the 18th century, amethyst was included in the cardinal gemstones on par with diamonds and rubies. It is the birthstone for February.

Field Identification & Locations

Identify by its characteristic purple color and standard quartz hardness (it will scratch glass). Often found in Brazil, Uruguay, and Zambia.

Identified on: 5/19/2026

Mode: Standard