metamorphic
Serpentine
Serpentine group ((Mg, Fe, Ni, Al, Zn, Mn)3(Si, Al, Fe)2O5(OH)4)
Hardness: 2.5-5 (Mohs scale); Color: Olive green, yellow-green; Luster: Waxy, greasy, or silky; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: Poor; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.9
- Hardness
- 2
- Color
- Olive green, yellow-green
- Luster
- Waxy, greasy, or silky
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Physical properties
Hardness: 2.5-5 (Mohs scale); Color: Olive green, yellow-green; Luster: Waxy, greasy, or silky; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: Poor; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.9
Formation & geological history
Formed through the hydrothermal alteration of ultramafic rocks (serpentinization) in the Earth's mantle and at tectonic plate boundaries. Common in ophiolite belts.
Uses & applications
Used for architectural stone (verde antique), source of magnesium, ornamental carvings, and historically as a source of asbestos. Tumbled for semi-precious jewelry.
Geological facts
Serpentine is the state rock of California. The name comes from its resemblance to the skin of a serpent, often displaying mottled patterns of green and black.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its characteristic 'greasy' feel and apple-green color. Often found near fault zones or mountain ranges where seafloor rocks have been uplifted.
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