mineral

Carnelian Agate

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with iron oxide impurities

Hardness: 6.5-7.0 (Mohs scale); Color: Translucent white to orange/reddish-brown; Luster: Waxy to vitreous; Crystal Structure: Cryptocrystalline (Trigonal/Hexagonal); Cleavage: None; Fracture: Conchoidal; Specific Gravity: 2.58-2.64.

Hardness: 6
Color: Translucent white to orange/reddish-brown
Luster: Waxy to vitreous

Identified June 30, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Forms in cavities of volcanic rocks (geodes) or as veins where silica-rich groundwater precipitates at low temperatures. Common in various geological ages where volcanic activity has occurred.

Uses & applications

Used primarily as a gemstone for jewelry (cabochons, beads), decorative carvings, wax seals, and spiritual/metaphysical collecting.

Geological facts

Carnelian has been used for over 4,500 years; ancient Egyptians called it 'the setting sun' and used it in the burial of kings to help spirits pass to the afterlife.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its waxy luster, translucency, and characteristic conchoidal fracture (shell-like curves). It is commonly found in India, Brazil, Uruguay, and Madagascar.

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