mineral

Carnelian Agate

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Hardness: 6.5-7 on Mohs scale. Color: Orange, reddish-brown. Luster: Vitreous to waxy. Structure: Trigonal (cryptocrystalline). Cleavage: None. Specific Gravity: 2.58-2.64.

Hardness: 6
Color: Orange, reddish-brown
Luster: Vitreous to waxy

Identified July 13, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 6.5-7 on Mohs scale. Color: Orange, reddish-brown. Luster: Vitreous to waxy. Structure: Trigonal (cryptocrystalline). Cleavage: None. Specific Gravity: 2.58-2.64.

Formation & geological history

Formed as a cryptocrystalline variety of quartz. It typically occurs in volcanic and sedimentary rocks where silica-rich fluids deposit in cavities or veins. Its color is derived from iron oxide impurities.

Uses & applications

Primarily used as a gemstone in jewelry, beads, cabochons, and ornamental carvings. It is also a popular collector's item in its tumbled form.

Geological facts

Carnelian has been used for over 4,500 years. Ancient Egyptians called it the 'setting sun' and used it in amulets to protect the wearer and aid in the passage to the afterlife.

Field identification & locations

Identified by its translucent orange-red color and characteristic waxy luster after polishing. Found globally, with notable deposits in India, Brazil, Uruguay, and Madagascar.