mineral
Carnelian
Carnelian (Cryptocrystalline Quartz, SiO2)
Hardness: 6.5 - 7 (Mohs), Color: Orange to reddish-brown, Luster: Vitreous to waxy, Crystal Structure: Trigonal (microcrystalline), Cleavage: None/Conchoidal fracture.
- Hardness
- 6
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6.5 - 7 (Mohs), Color: Orange to reddish-brown, Luster: Vitreous to waxy, Crystal Structure: Trigonal (microcrystalline), Cleavage: None/Conchoidal fracture.
Formation & geological history
Formed from silica-rich groundwater percolating through volcanic or sedimentary rock cavities; the reddish tint is caused by iron oxide (hematite) impurities.
Uses & applications
Commonly used in jewelry as cabochons, for decorative carvings, seals, and as tumbled chakra stones.
Geological facts
Carnelian was used widely in the ancient world for signet rings and talismans, as it does not stick to hot wax. Napoleon Bonaparte reportedly found a carnelian seal in Egypt that he wore for the rest of his life.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its translucent, waxy appearance and warm reddish-orange hue; it will scratch glass but cannot be easily scratched by a steel blade. Found globally, especially in Brazil and India.
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