mineral

Carnelian

Carnelian (Cryptocrystalline Quartz, SiO2)

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Hardness: 6.5 - 7 (Mohs), Color: Orange to reddish-brown, Luster: Vitreous to waxy, Crystal Structure: Trigonal (microcrystalline), Cleavage: None/Conchoidal fracture.

Hardness: 6

Identified July 14, 2026More mineral →

Explore Carnelian in the encyclopedia →

Identify your own rocks.

Get a report just like this from any photo, free.

App Store Google Play

Physical properties

Hardness: 6.5 - 7 (Mohs), Color: Orange to reddish-brown, Luster: Vitreous to waxy, Crystal Structure: Trigonal (microcrystalline), Cleavage: None/Conchoidal fracture.

Formation & geological history

Formed from silica-rich groundwater percolating through volcanic or sedimentary rock cavities; the reddish tint is caused by iron oxide (hematite) impurities.

Uses & applications

Commonly used in jewelry as cabochons, for decorative carvings, seals, and as tumbled chakra stones.

Geological facts

Carnelian was used widely in the ancient world for signet rings and talismans, as it does not stick to hot wax. Napoleon Bonaparte reportedly found a carnelian seal in Egypt that he wore for the rest of his life.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its translucent, waxy appearance and warm reddish-orange hue; it will scratch glass but cannot be easily scratched by a steel blade. Found globally, especially in Brazil and India.