mineral

Carnelian

Carnelian (Cryptocrystalline variety of Quartz, SiO2)

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Hardness: 7 Mohs; Color: brownish-red to orange; Luster: Vitreous to waxy; Crystal structure: Trigonal/Hexagonal; Cleavage: None/Conchoidal fracture; Specific Gravity: 2.58–2.64.

Hardness: 7 Mohs
Color: brownish-red to orange
Luster: Vitreous to waxy

Identified July 18, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 7 Mohs; Color: brownish-red to orange; Luster: Vitreous to waxy; Crystal structure: Trigonal/Hexagonal; Cleavage: None/Conchoidal fracture; Specific Gravity: 2.58–2.64.

Formation & geological history

Formed through the deposition of silica in groundwater within cavities of igneous rocks (volcanic lavas) or as a replacement mineral in sedimentary rocks. Its reddish hue comes from iron oxide impurities.

Uses & applications

Primarily used in jewelry (beads, cabochons), lapidary art, carvings (seals, figurines), and as a collector’s gemstone.

Geological facts

Carnelian was used by ancient Egyptians for amulets and seals, as it was believed to provide courage and protection in the afterlife. It is the birthstone for the zodiac sign Virgo.

Field identification & locations

Field identification focuses on its waxy luster, translucency, and warm orange-red color. It is commonly found in India, Brazil, Uruguay, and Madagascar. Tumbled specimens like this are frequent in rock shops.