mineral
Carnelian
Carnelian (Chert/Chalcedony variety of Quartz, SiO2)
Hardness: 6.5-7 on Mohs scale; Color: brownish-red to orange-red; Luster: Vitreous to waxy; Crystal structure: Trigonal/Microcrystalline; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.59-2.61
- Hardness
- 6
- Color
- brownish-red to orange-red
- Luster
- Vitreous to waxy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6.5-7 on Mohs scale; Color: brownish-red to orange-red; Luster: Vitreous to waxy; Crystal structure: Trigonal/Microcrystalline; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.59-2.61
Formation & geological history
Formed by the precipitation of silica in volcanic and sedimentary environments, often found in hydrothermal veins and basalt cavities where iron oxide impurities provide the distinct red color.
Uses & applications
Commonly used in jewelry as beads and cabochons, for seals/intaglios, as a healing crystal in metaphysical circles, and for decorative carvings.
Geological facts
Ancient Egyptians called carnelian the 'setting sun' and frequently used it in amulets. It was also widely used for signet rings in the Roman Empire because hot wax does not stick to it.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its translucent to semi-opaque reddish-orange hue and waxy luster. In the field, look for nodules of chalcedony in stream beds or volcanic regions. It should be harder than glass.
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